大学物理 ›› 2026, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 7-.doi: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.250431

• 教学研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

半无限大平行板电容器电场的深入研究和可视化

周群益,刘天贵,钟铮,莫云飞,陈传盛   

  1. 1. 湖南大学 物理与微电子科学学院,湖南 长沙410082;2. 赣州市第一中学,江西 赣州341000;
    3. 长沙学院 电子信息与电气工程学院,湖南 长沙410022;4. 长沙理工大学 材料科学与工程学院,湖南 长沙410114
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-15 接受日期:2025-10-02 出版日期:2026-08-01 发布日期:2026-08-26
  • 通讯作者: 刘天贵,E-mail: 344665196@qq.com
  • 作者简介:周群益(1955—),男,硕士,湖南大学物理与微电子科学学院副教授,主要从事大学物理教学和凝聚态物理研究.
  • 基金资助:
    广东省高校科研特色创新项目(2020KTSCX209);国家自然科学基金(12004053);湖南省普通高等学校教学改革研究项目(HNJG-20230184,HNJG-20230335);湖南省学位与研究生教学改革研究项目(2024JGYB179);湖南大学教改基金课题.

Deep study and visualization of the electric field of semi-infinite parallel plate capacitor#br#

ZHOU Qunyi1, LIU Tiangui1, ZHONG Zheng2, MO Yunfei3, CHEN Chuansheng4   

  1. 1. School ofPhysics and Electronics, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China; 
    2. The First Middle School of Ganzhou, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, China; 
    3. School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan 410022, China; 
    4. School of Materials Science andEnginerring, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410114, China
  • Received:2025-08-15 Accepted:2025-10-02 Online:2026-08-01 Published:2026-08-26

摘要: 半无限大平行板电容器的电场是一个典型问题,可反映平行板电容器电场的基本特征.半无限大平行板电容器电场的求解需要利用施瓦兹-克里斯托弗变换.利用ζ平面与z平面的变换公式,推导了等势线与电场线的参变量方程,进而推导了显函数方程,绘制出等势线和电场线曲线族.求出了电场分量的隐函数及合场强和方向的公式,绘制了三维曲面,说明了电场分布的规律.

关键词: 半无限大平行板电容器, 等势线, 电场线, 电场强度, 电荷密度

Abstract: The electric field of a semiinfinite parallel plate capacitor is a typical problem, which can reflect the basic characteristics for the electric field of a parallel plate capacitor. SchwarzChristopher transform is needed to solve the electric field of semiinfinite parallel plate capacitors. By using the transformation formula of ζ plane and z plane, the parametric equation of the equipotential line and the electric field line is derived, and then the explicit function equation is derived, and the curves of the equipotential line and a set of the electric field line are plotted. Besides, the implicit function of the electric field component and the magnitude and direction of the combined field strength are obtained. The threedimensional surface is drawn and the law of the electric field distribution is explained.


Key words: semiinfinite parallel plate capacitors, equipotential line, electric field line, electric field strength, charge density