大学物理 ›› 2016, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (12): 19-22.doi: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.2016.0174

• 编者按 • 上一篇    下一篇

电子相对论径向波函数的基本特征

刘晓斌,师应龙,邢永忠,路飞平   

  1. 天水师范学院物理系,甘肃天水741001
  • 出版日期:2016-12-20 发布日期:2016-12-20
  • 作者简介:刘晓斌( 1973—) ,男,甘肃天水人,天水师范学院电子信息与电气工程学院物理系副教授,主要从事原
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金( 11264033,11464040,11265013 ) 、甘肃省高等学校科研项目( 2014A-104 ) 、甘肃省自然科学基金 ( 1506RJZE112) 资助

The fundamental properties of electron relativistic radial wave function

LIU Xiao-bin,SHI Ying-long,XING Yong-zhong,LU Fei-ping   

  1. Department of Physics,Tianshui Normal University,Tianshui,Gansu 741001,China
  • Online:2016-12-20 Published:2016-12-20

摘要: 利用相对论平均自洽场理论,研究了电子相对论径向波函数的基本特征. 电子相对论径向波函数大小分量的数量级通常相差悬殊且不“同步”,核外电子的径向分布没有严格的零概率点; 束缚电子相对论径向波函数大小分量的节点个数为n - l - 1、波腹个数为n - l,而自由电子的节点和波腹数则趋于无穷大. 电子相对论径向波函数反映了相对论效应的基本特征: 相对论效应越强,小分量振幅相对越大,自由电子径向波函数振荡越剧烈.

关键词: 狄拉克方程, 相对论自洽场, 径向波函数, 节点, 波腹

Abstract: The fundamental properties of electron relativistic radial wave functions have been studied theoretically based on the relativistic average self - consistent field. Usually,the small - component of relativistic radial wave functions is several orders of magnitudes less than the large - component,and is not generally synchronous with the large - component,so the radial probability density of electron has no exact zeros. The number of nodes for bound electron large - or small - component is n - l - 1,so that the number of antinodes is n - l,but the number of nodes and antinodes for free electron just turn to infinite. The radial wave functions are extremely sensitive to the relativistic effects,the amplitude of small - component increases with increasing relativistic effects,as well as the oscillating intensity of large,small - component for free electron.

Key words: Dirac equation, relativistic self - consistent field, radial wave function, node, antinode