大学物理 ›› 2017, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 47-54.doi: 10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.2017.02.013

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拓扑改变凝聚态物理 —2016 年诺贝尔物理学奖

施郁   

  1. 复旦大学物理学系,上海200433
  • 收稿日期:2016-11-24 出版日期:2017-02-20 发布日期:2017-02-20
  • 作者简介:施郁( 1968—) ,江苏扬州人,复旦大学物理学系教授,主要从事理论物理和物理学史的研究工作.
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目( 11374060) 资助

Topology changes physics———2016 Nobel Prize in Physics

SHI Yu   

  1. Department of Physics,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China
  • Received:2016-11-24 Online:2017-02-20 Published:2017-02-20

摘要: 本文从物理学和凝聚态物理的大背景出发,评述了2016 年诺贝尔物理学奖的获奖成就及其科学背景和后续发展. 在描述了相和相变后,解释了拓扑相变如何绕过相变的维度限制,拓扑是如何揭示量子霍尔效应的实质并导致陈绝缘体,以及拓扑是如何使得1 维反铁磁体的特性依赖于自旋量子数是整数或半整数.

关键词: 2016 年诺贝尔物理学奖, 相变, 拓扑, 拓扑相变, 拓扑相

Abstract: Starting with the general background of physics and condensed matter physics,the author describes he awarded achievements of 2016 Nobel Prize in Physics,as well as their scientific backgrounds and later development. After exposing the phase and phase transitions,the author explains how topological phase transitions go around the constraint of the dimension,how topology is the key to the essence of quantum Hall effect and leads to Chern insulator,as well as how topology makes the one-dimensional antiferromagnet depends on whether the spin quantum number is an integer or a half-integer.