磁性材料中的交换耦合机制是理解磁相互作用的核心概念，通常以对称性耦合的海森堡交换相互作用为主.然而，近年来的研究揭示了反对称交换耦合，即Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya相互作用(DMI)，在形成手性磁结构(如斯格明子和Néel磁畴壁)方面具有独特的物理意义，并在自旋电子学和信息存储中展现出广阔应用.本文通过引入DMI的物理起源、基于第一性原理的计算方法、典型材料中的应用和测量技术，拓展了对磁相互作用的教学讨论，为学生理解现代磁性材料的前沿应用提供了理论和实践支持.

Exchange coupling mechanisms in magnetic materials are fundamental to understanding magnetic interactions. Traditional university-level physics often emphasizes symmetric exchange interactions, such as Heisenberg exchange, which describes parallel or antiparallel spin alignment. However, the antisymmetric exchange interaction  known as the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) introduces unique physical phenomena by promoting noncollinear spin structures like skyrmions and Néel-type domain walls. This paper expands upon the concept of magnetic interactions by introducing DMI, explaining its origins, first-principles calculation methods, and applications in real materials. Additionally, the discussion includes experimental techniques for measuring DMI and explores its role in spintronics and information storage. By incorporating DMI into magnetic interaction studies, students can gain insight into advanced applications of magnetic materials and the importance of symmetry-breaking interactions in modern physics.