温度是表征物体宏观物理性质变化的重要参数之一,精确确定物体温度在物理教学和研究中起着重要作用.迈克耳孙干涉光路是一种常用的光路,有着搭建简单、精度较高的特点.本文提出了一种基于迈克耳孙干涉原理的测温方法,其机理是温度变化引起液体折射率及穿过液体的光程发生变化,从而导致干涉条纹的改变.通过对钟表油、去离子水、无水乙醇、丙三醇、调和油五种液体进行实验测量并对实验数据进行线性拟合,得到了干涉条纹移动数量与温度变化量存在着线性关系.该测温方法优点：线性拟合关系较好,相关系数R2值均大于0.999；可适配的测温为30~80℃,且随介质的不断扩展,此范围可继续扩大；精度较高,不同温度范围下测量相对误差在4%左右；能够准确反映温度变化的实时值.此研究有助于学生对温度定标的理解,拓展学生对温度测量方法的认知.

Temperature is one of the important parameters to characterize the change of macroscopic physical properties of objects. The precise determination of object temperature plays an important role in physics teaching and research. Michelson interference optical path is a common optical path, which has the characteristics of simple construction and high precision. In this paper, a temperature measurement method based on Michelson interference principle is proposed. The mechanism is that the change of temperature causes the change of refractive index and light path through the liquid, which leads to the change of interference fringe. By measuring five kinds of liquids such as clock oil, deionized water, anhydrous ethanol, glycerol and blended oil and linear fitting of experimental data, it is found that there is a linear relationship between the number of interference fringes moving and the change of temperature. The advantages of this method are as follows: the linear fitting relationship is good, and the correlation coefficient R2 values are greater than 0.999; the temperature can be adapted to 30 ~80 °C, and with the continuous expansion of the medium, this range can continue to expand; the relative error is about 4% under different temperature range. It can accurately reflect the real time value of temperature change. This study will help students understand temperature calibration and expand their knowledge of temperature measurement methods.