在人工智能技术快速发展和应用的驱动下，高阶思维能力的培养已成为教育质量评估的核心指标.大学物理类课程《热学》作为研究热现象的规律及本质的核心学科，在培养人才的高阶思维能力方面具有独特价值.本文系统阐释了面向天文学专业的本科《热学》课程改革的创新路径与实践效果：以高阶思维能力培养为导向，构建“认知进阶-情境创设-多元评价”的教学范式，教改后学生的作业得分率、学习积极性、对课程的满意度以及分析、综合等高阶能力均有显著提升，证明本次改革方案对高阶思维发展具有阶梯式促进作用.

Driven by the rapid development and application of artificial intelligence technologies, the development of higher-order thinking skills has become a central metric in evaluating educational quality.As a fundamental discipline investigating the laws and nature of thermal phenomena, Thermal Physics demonstrates unique value in cultivating students’ higher-order thinking skills.This paper systematically elucidates innovative approaches and practical outcomes in Thermal Physics curriculum reform: Guided by higher-order thinking skills development objectives, we established a teaching framework integrating “cognitive progression, context-based learning, and multi-dimensional assessment”.Post-reform data reveals significant improvements in students’ assignment achievement rate, learning engagement, course satisfaction, as well as analytical and synthetic skills, demonstrating the reform’s progressive effectiveness in advancing higher-order thinking development.