Abstract: Cosmic rays are high-energy particles from space and are the only samples of matter from outside the solar system that humans can obtain, including nuclei, electrons, photons and neutrinos, as well as other unknown particles that have not yet been detected. They mainly come from cosmic ray sources in space or are the products of cosmic ray interactions with space matter during propagation. In the history of modern physics, the study of cosmic rays plays an important role, and many new particles are first discovered in the study of cosmic rays. As a bridge between the microscopic particles and the macroscopic universe, the study of cosmic rays has made important contributions to both particle physics and astrophysics. This paper focuses on the Nobel Prize in physics won in the process of cosmic ray research, and introduces its experimental principle, experimental instruments and experimental results in detail. 

Key words: cosmic rays, positron, nuclear emulsion, π-meson, neutrino