Abstract: The theoretical fifth problem in the final round of the 2023 Chinese Physics Olympiad (CPhO) involves black hole thermodynamics. In this paper, we provide an introduction to the background of black hole thermodynamics and further analyze the characteristics of thermodynamic cycles between black holes based on our research experience. Finally, we summarize some recent research progress in the field of finite system thermodynamics and statistical physics relevant to this topic.

Key words:  black hole thermodynamics, Chinese Physics Olympiad, Hawking radiation, finite system thermodynamics