大学物理 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 32-35.doi: 10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.200070

• 物理实验 • 上一篇    下一篇

关于密立根油滴实验数据处理的新探讨

郑雪丽,李巧梅,汪涛,韩忠,雷迪   

  1. 1. 重庆大学物理学院物理国家级实验教学示范中心,重庆401331; 2. 重庆大学航空航天学院,重庆401331
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-02 修回日期:2020-05-09 出版日期:2021-02-20 发布日期:2021-03-01
  • 作者简介:郑雪丽( 1989—) ,女,安徽宿州人,重庆大学物理学院工程师,硕士,主要从事物理实验教学工作,研究方向光电检测技术.
  • 基金资助:
    2019 年重庆市高等教育教学改革研究项目( 193008) 、2018 年重庆大学教学改革研究立项项目( 2018Y55) 以及2019 年重庆大学实验教学改革项目( 2019S08) 资助

New discussion on data processing of Millikan oil-drop experiment

1. College of Physics,Chongqing University,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education,Chongqing 401331,China; 2.College of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Chongqing University,Chongqing 401331,China   

  • Received:2020-03-02 Revised:2020-05-09 Online:2021-02-20 Published:2021-03-01

摘要: 密立根油滴实验是大学物理的经典实验,通过处理实验测量数据即可得出基本电荷量. 各高校开展实验的方法基本相同,但处理实验数据的方法却各式各样. 为了减小因数据处理带来的误差,提出多种方法结合处理数据,即在作图法的基础上增加分组法和最小二乘法处理数据,结果显示误差明显减小. 通过5 个教学班的试验教学,验证了文中观点的可行性,并取得了良好的效果,可在实际教学中应用推广.

关键词: 密立根油滴实验, 减小误差, 作图法

Abstract: The Millikan oil-drop experiment is one of the classic experiments in university physics,and the

elementary charge can be calculated by experimental data processing. The experimental methods used by each university

are basically identical,but the experimental data processing methods are various. The data processing combined

with multiple methods is put forward to reduce the error caused by the data processing method,in which the

data is pre-processed by grouping and processed by the least square method based on graphic method and the result

shows that the error is significantly reduced. The ideas in this paper confirmed by five teaching classes are feasible

and valid,which can be applied and promoted in actual teaching.

Key words: Millikan oil-drop experiment, reduce error, graphic method