Abstract: The couple of Joliot-Curie won the Nobel chemical prize in 1935 for they discovered the artificial radiation substance. However, they had missed the chance to discover the neutron and the positron. Through the retrospection of Joliot-Curie couples process of getting Nobel Prize we can gain great revelation in the methodology： to emphasize the theoretical thinking, to value the function of academic exchanges, to question the preconceived idea, to cope with the relationship between theory and experiment correctly, to emphasize the function of experimental means and to have a mind of grasping chances.

Key words: neutron, positron, the artificial radioactivity