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Table of Content

    20 April 2019 Volume 38 Issue 4
      
    Alternative derivation of quantum huge partition function
    BAO Jing-dong
    College Physics. 2019, 38(4):  1-3.  doi:10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.180958
    Abstract ( 1787 )   PDF (154KB) ( 948 )  
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    The huge partition function is a difficult problem in teaching equilibrium statistical physics. In the

    present textbooks,the logarithm of huge partition function is introduced firstly,and then the correctness of this formula

    producing thermodynamics functions is affirmed. However,this is not order in the logic. Based on the average

    energy,the average particle number and the generalized force of the T-μ-Vsystem,this paper derives the quantum

    huge partition function by using collecting full differential method and unfined integral method,respectively. The

    physical mean of what variables regarded to two independent parameters is discussed.

    Understanding the phase relation between voltage and current of the primary coil
    TU Hong, FANG Wei
    College Physics. 2019, 38(4):  4-7.  doi:10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.180496
    Abstract ( 4150 )   PDF (291KB) ( 2411 )  
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    When an ideal transformer is connected to a pure resistive load,the voltage and the current of the

    primary coil are in phase. However,many beginners are confused about this point. As a result,possible errors and

    omissions in instantaneous value analyses can lead to a clearly wrong conclusion that there is a phase difference of

    π/2 between the voltage and the current of the primary coil. In this paper,the phase relations between the physical

    quantities of an ideal transformer are analyzed using vector diagrams. The correct instantaneous value analysis is also

    given,so that the main reason of the wrong conclusion is pointed out.

    Derivation of acceleration transformation along arbitary direction in special relativity using space-time algebra
    WANG Yong-gang, CAO Xue-cheng, JIANG Gui-jun,
    College Physics. 2019, 38(4):  8-12.  doi:10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.180458
    Abstract ( 2268 )   PDF (328KB) ( 778 )  
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    Space-time algebra ( STA) is a 16-dimension geometric algebra or Clifford algebra,denoted by

    Cl1,3,defined on 4-dimension real Minkowski space M4 . STA is an associative algebra ring and has the advantage

    of being independent of any coordinate frames. By means of STA,a concise derivation of acceleration transformation

    between two inertial frames moving in arbitrary direction is presented.

    Research on the motion principle of a gee-haw whammy diddle
    ZHANG Lei-ming, XUN Zhi-peng, ZHANG Wei, SONG Ning
    College Physics. 2019, 38(4):  13-17.  doi:10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.180397
    Abstract ( 2921 )   PDF (1469KB) ( 1366 )  
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    This paper has made theoretical analysis and experimental research on the motion principle of the

    gee-haw whammy diddle. In theory,based on the mechanics principle of the gee-haw whammy diddle,the principle

    of rotation is analyzed and its rotation characteristics are studied. The theoretical analysis shows that the iron nail

    in the front end of the gee-haw whammy diddle does periodic elliptic movement,the vibration of the stick and the

    iron nail drives the rotation of the propeller as well as the rotation direction of propeller depends on the phase difference

    between horizontal and vertical vibration. In the experiment,the optical amplification method is used to observe

    the movement process of the gee-haw whammy diddle. The experimental results agree with the theoretical analysis

    results. Experiments show that the rotation direction of the propeller is related to the contact position of the

    hand when the horizontal force is exerted by the hand. It is also found that the more the number of the notches are

    rubbed per unit time,the higher the rotating speed of the propeller,they have a linear relationship.

    A measuring method and instrument of DC electric-field strength
    LIU Yang, ZHOU Zi-shu
    College Physics. 2019, 38(4):  18-22.  doi:10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.180210
    Abstract ( 2203 )   PDF (1369KB) ( 785 )  
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    In order to solve the problem of inference of distortion and electric charge leakage in measuring DC

    electric field,a set of experimenting equipment is made based on electrostatic induction theory and varying capacitance

    method. Induction DC voltage signal is translated into a certain frequency AC signal. The DC electric-field

    strength is measured by electrical technology of amplifying and filtering. The fact that many practical engineering

    technology problems are often solved by base physics concepts and laws is demonstrated. The student abilities of integration

    of theory with practice are brought up by analyzing the testing theories. The practice abilities and abilities

    of analyzing and solving practical problems are improved by designing experimental equipment and experimental research.

    The combination of teaching scientific research can satisfy the colligation diathesis of students and students’

    consciousness of scientific-research and innovation abilities are improved. This method can be used in practical engineering.

    Tracking simulation of imaging direction by prism systems
    QIN Hua, PANG Xin
    College Physics. 2019, 38(4):  23-27.  doi:10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.180259
    Abstract ( 1472 )   PDF (1644KB) ( 1335 )  
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    In order to clearly explain the method for judging the imaging direction of prism system,the raytracing

    formulas for non-coaxial optical systems are derived,and the imaging processes of plane prism system are

    simulated. Through the imaging simulation of a spatial coordinate system,the places difficult to understand about

    the judging method for the imaging direction are pointed out. The results show that imaging simulations of prisms are

    the most intuitive and feasible method for understanding the imaging direction of prisms. It is not only helpful for

    students to understand this judgment method,but also promotes students’keeping this judgment method in mind.

    The simulation processes also enable students to profoundly understand various definitions,terms on prisms,which

    are not easily understood in the classroom.

    Online data processing of college physics experiment based on the cloud computing
    林奇川, 程敏熙
    College Physics. 2019, 38(4):  28-32.  doi:10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.180452
    Abstract ( 2349 )   PDF (1198KB) ( 485 )  
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    Based on the cloud computing platform,a program for assisting online data processing of sodium atomic

    spectrum experiment and Frank-Hertz experiment is designed by the use of Python and Flask. It can be used

    to calculate the quantum defect and fixed items of sodium atom,to draw the Frank-Hertz experiment curve without

    geographical and equipment constraints. The function expansion is realized for college physics experiment teaching

    resource based on cloud platform.

    A new concept of intelligent teaching mode in college physics experiment and its impact
    GAO Qian, WANG Fei-fei, ZHU Jiang, YU Chun-xu
    College Physics. 2019, 38(4):  33-36.  doi:10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.180283
    Abstract ( 1362 )   PDF (153KB) ( 392 )  
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    In college physics experiment,there are lots of disadvantages in the traditional teaching mode with

    the teacher playing a leading role. As the rapid development of information technology and the rise of MOOC,a new

    concept of intelligent teaching mode in physics experiment has been put forward. The new concept of teaching mode

    includes online preview,entrance guard control,mobile interaction and mobile data processing,diversification of

    examination,intelligent classification of experimental reports,intelligent open mode of laboratories and so on. So

    that information technology,such as MOOC and smart phone,should play an important role,and the flexible assessment

    system can stimulate the enthusiasm of students to learn independently. The intelligent teaching mode has

    been applied for one year. Many of the contents of this concept have been effectively implemented,and the desired

    results have been received.

    A comprehensive analysis of Bohr resonator experiment based on Mathematica simulation
    LIANG Yan-xuan, LIANG Jian-xin, FU Zheng, ZHANG Ya-ping , CHEN Chu-hong-xu,
    College Physics. 2019, 38(4):  37-41.  doi:10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.180478
    Abstract ( 1294 )   PDF (1071KB) ( 368 )  
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    Bohr resonator is often used to the single degree of freedom linear mechanical vibration research with

    measurement data and Mechanism analysis. However,there is few research on the simulation of forced vibration

    process with this instrument. In this paper,we use the Mathematica software to edit the relevant simulation program

    in order to gain the numerical simulation results and analytic solutions for the amplitude-frequency characteristics

    and phase-frequency characteristics of forced vibration with Bohr resonator. Through the precious error analysis of

    simulation results and instrument experimental results,the advantages and disadvantages of the two simulation algorithms

    are discussed. In addition,we also use the Mathematica software to break through the function limitation of

    Bohr resonator,under the current experimental conditions,in order to study the mechanical vibration law more

    deeply and expand the application of the Mathematica software in experiment analysis.

    Study of the physical process of the pipette hot fountain
    DAI Zhi-rui, BAI Cui-qin
    College Physics. 2019, 38(4):  42-44.  doi:10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.180280
    Abstract ( 1426 )   PDF (477KB) ( 478 )  
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    A good experiment to show how gas is heated and expand in the hot fountain experiment,in which a

    fountain is produced by turning a mole tube containing some hot water upside down. Some experiment data can be

    gotten by analyzing the video which is produced when we are doing the experiment with a set of partly mechanized

    devices. Also,based on Fourier heat transfer and equal pressure expansion,we build up a model to explain the relation

    between the height of the fountain and the temperature. And we compare the theoretical results and experiment

    results.

    Research on the vibration mode of the Leidenfrost stars
    LI Jia-lin, ZHU Hao-yu, ZHANG Ye, LI Jin-hua, JIN Guang-yong
    College Physics. 2019, 38(4):  45-49.  doi:10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.180331
    Abstract ( 1704 )   PDF (1947KB) ( 1235 )  
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    Based on perturbation theory,a basic model of self-excited vibration of liquid droplets on a heating

    plane is established. The conditions under which Leidenfrost stars are produced and the influence of related parameters

    such as droplet radius and droplet vibration frequency on Leidenfrost stars’vibration modes are studied and the

    periodic oscillation modes of liquid are simulated by finite element method. The relationship between the number of

      droplet oscillation modes,oscillation frequency and droplet radius is measured experimentally,which is consistent

      with the theoretical analysis and simulation results. By studying the droplet vibration mode and self-excited oscillation

      mechanism,we have a deeper understanding of the complex dynamic process of droplets on the surface of high

      temperature and have important applications in the fields of metal industry and petroleum industry.

    Design of the visualization system of gas temperature   field based on schileren method
    FAN Ke-zhou, DENG Sen, FAN Ze-tao, FENG Wei-jie, LI Jiao-yang,
    College Physics. 2019, 38(4):  50-53.  doi:10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.180485
    Abstract ( 1662 )   PDF (1111KB) ( 1114 )  
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    Schileren method is a practicable way whereby the change of medium refractive index can be visualized.

    In this paper,optical devices incorporating beam splitter are utilized to design the split-folding light path and

    solve prominently the low definition problem of the traditional light path. Meanwhile,the ghost interference is eliminated

    by virtue of vertical reflection. Based on the optical path and MATLAB software,the knife-edge optimization

    is actualized. Through the calibration experiment realized by blowpipe,the function between temperature and the

    gray value of schlieren image provides a contactless solution to measure the airflow temperature,together with the

    visualization system of gas temperature field.

    Study of ultrasonic standing wave imaging based on Fourier optics principle
    ZHANG Bo-yi, XIONG Chang, HU Bin, TANG Fang, LI Chao-rong
    College Physics. 2019, 38(4):  54-58.  doi:10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.180363
    Abstract ( 1315 )   PDF (732KB) ( 925 )  
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    Based on the Fourier optics principle,the diffraction of a laser transmitting through a standing wave

    and the imaging of that standing wave are studied. A spatial filtering experiment is designed to verify the formulas

    which describes the fringe interval and contrast of the standing wave image. This method can also measure sound velocity

    of the standing wave. We analyze the standing wave imaging completely and help to have a deeper understanding

    of the spatial filtering method.

    Some thoughts on the first Brillouin zone of the inverted grid
    XU Yong-kang, JIA Hu-jun
    College Physics. 2019, 38(4):  59-62.  doi:10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.180539
    Abstract ( 2724 )   PDF (1048KB) ( 1955 )  
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    Aimed at the description concerning the first Brillouin zone of the face-centered cubic lattice and

    body-centered cubic lattice in different textbooks,this paper provides intuitively the method of determining the first

    Brillouin zone of these two structures by means of symmetric drawing. And through comparing the characteristics of

    the five regular polyhedra that may exist in space,it puts forward a more rational and unified naming method for the

    first Brillouin zone of these two kinds of lattice.

    Study of influence factors of backscattering peak in NaI ( Tl) spectrometer with Geant4
    LI Gen, WEI Fan, LOU Jian-ling
    College Physics. 2019, 38(4):  63-69.  doi:10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.180475
    Abstract ( 1423 )   PDF (1529KB) ( 745 )  
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    The influences of substrate material and packaging material of scintillator on the backscattering peak

    counts are simulated by the Code of Geant4 and the variable separation method. When using different substrate materials,

    the ratio between the backscattering peak and full-energy peak counts,as well as the simulated saturation

    thicknesses of different materials are in agreement with the experimental results. The backscattering peak counts as

    functions of the thickness of scintillator packaging material,as well as the length,the cross-sectional area and the

    volume of scintillator are also simulated,and the method to suppress the backscattering peak background is found.