Top Read Articles

Published in last 1 year |

In last 2 years |

In last 3 years |

All

Please wait a minute...


For Selected: Download Citations EndNote Ris BibTeX Toggle Thumbnails

Select

Construction andpractice of artificial intelligence course of  university physics based on knowledge map ZHANG Hongguang1, LI Yongtao1, YANG ZhiHong1, CHEN Wei1, BI Lan1, DONG Huiyuan1, WANG Yunhui1, SHAN Junhao2 College Physics    2025, 44 (5): 41-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.240396 Abstract （1126）      PDF（pc） （1307KB）（1374）       Knowledge map    Save Currently, artificial intelligence (AI) is profoundly changing education. The University Physics team of our university has innovatively launched a knowledge mapdriven AI course on the Wisdom Tree platform, and constructed a new teaching mode of ‘teacher/student/machine’ interaction. This paper outlines the design concept of the teachermachinestudent collaborative teaching system, the construction, implementation, effectiveness and reflection of the AI course. From the practical effect, the learner image based on knowledge graph and adaptive learning provide students with personalized learning can effectively improve independent learning and learning performance, which provides an experience reference for the construction of AI courses in basic science and engineering courses. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Study on the magnetic field generated by a uniformly charged spherical shell rotating at a constant speed ZHU Mengzheng, ZHAO Chunran College Physics    2025, 44 (5): 11-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.240452 Abstract （1091）      PDF（pc） （841KB）（435）       Knowledge map    Save This paper uses the basic knowledge of electromagnetic field theory to study the magnetic field distribution of a uniformly charged spherical shell rotating at a constant speed in the whole space. First, due to the symmetry of the current distribution, the corresponding magnetic field is axially symmetric; the two components of the magnetic induction intensity at a certain point are directly written according to the BiotSavart law, and numerical simulation is performed to calculate the magnetic field inside and outside the spherical shell. The results show that the inside of the spherical shell is a uniform magnetic field. Secondly, the magnetic field is discussed respectively using the magnetic scalar potential and the magnetic multipole method. By comparing the magnetic field outside the spherical shell, it is found that the current distribution in this problem has certain particularities. Finally, the magnetic field excited by a spherical shell formed by a single thin wire with a steady current passing through it is discussed. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Exploring the practical application of using artificial intelligence large  models to assist students in learning university physics experimental courses JIANG Wenyin1, LIU Chenyu2, WANG Yuxing1, WANG Wei1 College Physics    2025, 44 (7): 36-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712. 240389 Abstract （1080）      PDF（pc） （1238KB）（240）       Knowledge map    Save This article aims to address the teaching difficulties in the physics experiment course at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Using artificial intelligence technology, based on the existing datasets in the experimental center, including lecture notes, lesson plans, courseware, exercise sets, and experimental reports, and using the open-source LlaMA2-7B model, a generative artificial intelligence model called Chat Physics education (ChatPED) specifically designed to assist students in their learning in the field of physics experiments is developed. And it was released for use by students during the course implementation phase, and a controlled experiment was conducted. The experimental group students used the model to assist learning, while the control group continued to attend classes as usual. Subsequently, the model was tested for its ability to improve students learning motivation and grades. Through a questionnaire survey of students (N=200), it was found that the experimental group students generally believed (75%) that the model was helpful for their learning, and the vast majority of students (90%) hoped to continue using it in other courses. Constructed a quantitative analysis of learning motivation, situational interest, and participation measurement scale. The Cronbachs alpha coefficient of the scale ranges from α=0.75 to α=0.81, and a pre/post use t-test was performed. The results showed that the learning motivation, situational interest, and participation measures of the experimental group students significantly improved after use compared to before use. Finally, double-blind grading was conducted, and the experimental group students improved their final scores by 0.2 points compared to the control group students (out of a total of 10 points). The significance P-test result is P<0.01, indicating that the improvement in academic performance of the experimental group students is related to the use of the model. Our research provides case studies of the application of artificial intelligence technology in specific teaching scenarios, which has certain practical significance. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Lighting up the Future of Artificial Intelligence with Physics Thinking — Deciphering the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics WUDi1, MAYan-qing2 College Physics    2025, 44 (4): 1-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.250073 Abstract （951）      PDF（pc） （383KB）（978）       Knowledge map    Save The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded to physicist and biologist John J. Hopfield and computer scientist Geoffrey E. Hinton in recognition of their fundamental discoveries and inventions in the field of artificial neural networks. Many were surprised by this decision, questioning why the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for advancements in artificial intelligence, with some even pondering whether “physics has ceased to exist.” This article will delve into the intricate connections between physics and artificial intelligence, interpret the rationale behind this year’s Nobel Prize in Physics, and explore its profound impact on the future. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Digitalization empowers the teaching of physics experiments: #br# the application exploration of Tracker software#br# CHENG Lixian, LI Mingyang, WANG Jia, YANG Zijiang College Physics    2025, 44 (5): 92-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.240270 Abstract （947）      PDF（pc） （1267KB）（1486）       Knowledge map    Save Tracker is an opensource software for video analysis and modeling. Inducting reasonably Tracker in physics experiment teaching to optimization design can not only enhance the digital construction of experimental courses, but also stimulate students’ interest in exploring experiments. In this paper, the application of Tracker software in distance measurement, trajectory tracking, and angle measurement in physical experiments is explored by combining three experiments: laser wavelength measurement by Young’s doubleslit interferometry, gravitational acceleration measurement by single pendulum and the influence of pendulum angle θ of simple pendulum on measurement results of gravitational acceleration. The experimental results show that the Tracker software can improve the measurement accuracy of the adjacent bright fringe spacing Δx in the Young’s doubleslit interference experiment, and more accurately measure the period of the single pendulum in the gravitational acceleration measurement experiment of single pendulum, and also has good measurement results for exploring the influence of the pendulum angle θ on the measurement results in the experiment of single pendulum measurement of gravity acceleration experiment. Therefore, the introduction of the experiment can effectively reduce the parallax caused by human eye observation and the measurement error in the experiment, and can accurately measure the angle and other physical quantities that are difficult to accurately measure in the actual scene. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

The orbital equation of celestial body motion andthe orbital velocity WANG Yaocheng, MENG Junxia College Physics    2025, 44 (9): 103-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.240542 Abstract （932）      PDF（pc） （540KB）（225）       Knowledge map    Save At present, the process of calculating the orbits and orbital velocities of celestial bodies involves many advanced mathematical concepts and physical principles, which are rather difficult for teenagers to understand. To facilitate a deeper understanding of celestial motion, this article uses conic sections and their properties, which are easier to understand, to discuss and calculate the orbital equations and orbital velocities of celestial bodies. A concise formula for orbital velocity is derived. Moreover, compared with non-purely theoretical calculation methods, it not only provides a more precise description of the calculation process but also summarizes the motion situations under all velocity ranges, demonstrating the importance of mathematics in physics. It is hoped that this will inspire teenagers' love for physics.  Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Introduction and Solutions to the Problem 3 of Theoretical  Part of the 54th International Physics Olympiad JIANG Shuo, Xubo Guo, AN Yu, ZHANG Liubao, RUAN Dong College Physics    2025, 44 (5): 105-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.240468 Abstract （861）      PDF（pc） （840KB）（393）       Knowledge map    Save This paper discusses the theoretical problem 3 of the 54th International Physics Olympiad (IPhO). The title of the problem is called Black Widow Pulsar. At glance it appears similar to the APho (Asia Physics Olympiad) 2024 theoretical problem 3, however the essence is a typical mechanics problem about the accretion of binary star system and the equilibrium of a single gas star. The question is composed of two parts, first is concerned with the transfer of mass (accretion) in a binary star system; the second is the equilibrium of a single gaseous star, under the influence of gas pressure and gravity. It utilizes classical models in mechanics and decent in difficulty and quite suitable for high school Olympiad students. This is common feature for this 54th IPhO. A detailed description and answer to this problem is given here.  Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Discussion of the Otto cycle process using  Van der Waals gas as a working medium HAN Qicheng, LU Jianlong College Physics    2025, 44 (4): 27-.   DOI: 10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.240267 Abstract （788）      PDF（pc） （482KB）（263）       Knowledge map    Save This article discusses the Otto cycle using Van der Waals gas as a working medium and replacing the adiabatic process with the polytropic process. It presents the output work and efficiency of this cycle, and analyzes the effects of the polytropic exponent n and compression ratio r on the cycle parameters. Through numerical calculations, it is concluded that both the polytropic exponent and compression ratio have impacts on the cycle parameters, and when the numerical value of the polytropic exponent is equal to the adiabatic exponent, the cycle’s output work and efficiency are maximized. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Analysis of non-Hermitian Hamiltonian based on Hermitian theory ZHANG Lian-lian1, FAN Lu-ning1, JIANG Cui2, LI Jia-rui1 College Physics    2025, 44 (4): 39-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.240392 Abstract （748）      PDF（pc） （131KB）（199）       Knowledge map    Save This paper incorporates the discussion of nonHermitian quantum systems into the exploration and practice of quantum mechanics teaching reform. It decomposes the matrix of nonreciprocal Hamiltonian into Hermitian Hamiltonian and nonreciprocal perturbation, and uses nondegenerate perturbation method to solve the energy eigenvalues and eigenstates. It is found that the obtained results are completely consistent with the results obtained by directly diagonalizing the nonreciprocal Hamiltonian and expanding it to secondorder approximation. This indicates that there is a certain connection between non reciprocal Hamiltonian and Hermitian quantum theory.   We believe that the results of this work will help further understand the physical properties of nonreciprocal Hamiltonian. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Study on the dynamics of magnetic-mechanical oscillator RUAN Zheting, SHEN Yibo, YANG Zhihua, ZHU Yuhong, SHEN Jiawei College Physics    2025, 44 (4): 74-.   DOI: 10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.240345 Abstract （748）      PDF（pc） （368KB）（142）       Knowledge map    Save A magneticmechanical oscillation device is constructed and its relevant physical parameters affecting the vibration of the spring plate and the dynamic process of vibration are systematically studied. The experiments find that the stiffness coefficient, natural frequency, magnetic force, and magnet mass are the key factors affecting the vibration. The existing simple harmonic vibration equation is revised by incorporating resistance, magnetic force, and other interaction forces, transforming it into the combined vibration equation for the spring plate. Numerical solutions are performed on the combined vibration equation and the results are consistent with the experimental results. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Study on the depletion region width of GaN PN junction SUN Chenyang, YANG Peilong, LIU Bo, WANG Lai College Physics    2025, 44 (4): 21-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.240372 Abstract （745）      PDF（pc） （742KB）（122）       Knowledge map    Save The width of the depletion region is a fundamental parameter of PN junctions. In solid state physics textbooks, the calculation of depletion widths is usually limited to materials such as Si and Ge, and there is a lack of analysis of the PN junction of the wide bandgap semiconductor material likeGaN. The width of the depletion region is closely related to the charge density of the depletion region. The ionization energies of donors and acceptors in Si and Ge materials are relatively low, allowing for complete ionization at room temperature. Thus, the charge density in the depletion region is obviously equal to the impurity concentration. In contrast, the ionization energy of the acceptor dopant Mg in pGaN is approximately 220 to 270 meV, resulting in only part of Mg impurities undergoing ionization at room temperature. Therefore, the width of the GaN PN junction depletion region will be determined by both the impurity concentration and the degree of ionization. In this paper, the degree of ionization of different impurities in GaN material under different concentrations is calculated. The results show that the degree of Mg ionization is indeed very low when pGaN is heavily doped to 1019 cm-3in order to obtain sufficient hole concentration.Subsequently, using an opensource solver based on the ScharfetterGummel method to solve the driftdiffusion equations, we simulate the GaN PN junction and calculate important parameters such as depletion region width and impurity ionization levels. According to the simulation results, the impurity ionization level in the GaN PN junctions depletion region is significantly enhanced. Therefore, the width of the depletion region of the GaN PN junction can be appropriately calculated with the doping concentration. The research in this paper supplements the content of GaN PN junction in the textbook of solidstate physics, which is helpful for the study of subsequent courses. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Research on task-oriented college physics teaching mode ——taking Taiyuan University of Technology as an example LIU Yifan, LIU Hongli College Physics    2025, 44 (7): 89-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.240517 Abstract （732）      PDF（pc） （870KB）（289）       Knowledge map    Save The current college physics teaching is confronted with issues such as insufficient curriculum challenge, absence of personalized teaching, and low degree of ideological and political integration. This paper innovatively proposed the "task-oriented BOPPPS teaching mode". With physical tasks as the core, it optimized the six links of "introduction, pre-test, in-class learning, participatory learning, post-test, and summary". A learning community of "one center, two platforms, and three integrations" was constructed. Textbooks and cutting-edge cases, online and offline resources, and ideological and political education were integrated to achieve the goal of high-quality learning. Through implementing this mode in physics teaching at Taiyuan University of Technology, students ability to solve practical problems and learning interests have been significantly enhanced.  Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

The problem-driven teaching of college physics based on matlab LIU Jianing1, ZHANG Jinglu2 College Physics    2025, 44 (7): 72-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.240273 Abstract （728）      PDF（pc） （976KB）（220）       Knowledge map    Save Matlab has been widely used in college physics teaching because of its visualization, simulation and other functions. At present, the research on Matlab-assisted college physics teaching mainly focuses on teachers′ use of Matlab, which relatively ignores students′ subjective initiative. In this study, the problem-driven teaching of college physics based on Matlab is designed to guide students to participate in program design, so as to help students build physical images, improve problem-solving ability, cultivate divergent thinking and establish particle system dynamics.  Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Application of Monte Carlo method to the teaching of charge  distribution at electrostatic equilibrium LI Yunze1, YU Weichao2 College Physics    2025, 44 (4): 96-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.240358 Abstract （728）      PDF（pc） （388KB）（199）       Knowledge map    Save The uniqueness of the charge distribution of a conductor is one of the most essential properties in electrostatic fields and is challenging part for the teaching of electromagnetics course, which states that an isolated conductor has a uniquely determined distribution of charges on its surface in the state of electrostatic equilibrium. Many researchers have obtained different distributions of surface charges on conductors, but these analytical results are only valid for systems with high symmetry and only apply to cases where the charge distribution is continuous. In this study, we innovatively use the Monte Carlo annealing algorithm to build a computer model to try to verify the distribution of surface density of discrete charges on the surface of an ellipsoidal conductor after reaching electrostatic equilibrium, which is consistent with existing theoretical results. This method can be extended to the electrostatic equilibrium distribution of discrete charges in conductors of arbitrary shape, providing a new algorithm for numerical simulation of electrostatic problems and enriching toolbox for the teaching of electromagnetics.  Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

A pedagogical expansion on exchange coupling in magnetic interactions YANG Hongxin College Physics    2025, 44 (7): 1-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.250045 Abstract （720）      PDF（pc） （782KB）（433）       Knowledge map    Save Exchange coupling mechanisms in magnetic materials are fundamental to understanding magnetic interactions. Traditional university-level physics often emphasizes symmetric exchange interactions, such as Heisenberg exchange, which describes parallel or antiparallel spin alignment. However, the antisymmetric exchange interaction  known as the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) introduces unique physical phenomena by promoting noncollinear spin structures like skyrmions and Néel-type domain walls. This paper expands upon the concept of magnetic interactions by introducing DMI, explaining its origins, first-principles calculation methods, and applications in real materials. Additionally, the discussion includes experimental techniques for measuring DMI and explores its role in spintronics and information storage. By incorporating DMI into magnetic interaction studies, students can gain insight into advanced applications of magnetic materials and the importance of symmetry-breaking interactions in modern physics. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Research progress on the Mpemba effect CHEN Xuanqing1, LUO Yichen1, TIAN Zhuangzhuang1, ZHOU Tiexiang1, HOU Yidong1, 2 College Physics    2025, 44 (8): 50-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.240508 Abstract （711）      PDF（pc） （1011KB）（569）       Knowledge map    Save Water is one of the most common substances in nature and the foundation for the survival of Earth’s carbon-based life forms. Although water molecules and their related physical and chemical effects have been extensively studied, many peculiar phenomena caused by water still cannot be scientifically explained. The Mpemba effect is one typical example. In 1969, Mpemba and Dr. Denis Osborne reported in the British journal “Physics Teacher” that, under the same mass and cooling conditions, water with a higher initial temperature freezes before water with a lower initial temperature. This phenomenon, which seems to defy thermodynamic common sense, has received long-term and widespread attentions. However, due to the complexity of this phenomenon, the academic community has not been able to provide a scientifically rigorous explanation so far. Given the widespread impact of the Mpemba effect on daily production and life, this article summarizes the possible causes and influencing factors based on reported research results, aiming to present a systematic progress in research and enhance readers’ understanding of the Mpemba effect. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Investigation on grating structure and storage capacity  of optical disc based on grating diffraction College Physics    2025, 44 (4): 103-.   DOI: 10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.240192 Abstract （705）      PDF（pc） （379KB）（209）       Knowledge map    Save In this paper, grating diffraction is employed to investigate the equivalent grating structure of optical discs. By contrasting the measurement outcomes of reflection diffraction and transmission diffraction, a comprehensive analysis of the measurement errors using lasers of different wavelengths is conducted. This enables the identification of the optical discs microstructure and the rationale behind the absence of tangential spots. Building on these findings, the storage capacity of CDs and DVDs is accurately determined via transmission diffraction experiments and polar coordinate algorithms. The minimum errors in the storage capacity of CDs and DVDs are 0.0014% and 0.38%, respectively. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Systematic error analysis of an experimental device for verifying the #br# conservation of momentum in the text book of the Peoples Education Press#br# LI Mei1, WANG Feng2, JIANG Bing3, SHAO Yun4 College Physics    2025, 44 (5): 112-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.240322 Abstract （703）      PDF（pc） （1061KB）（221）       Knowledge map    Save The article focuses on the experimental setup for momentum conservation during the collision of two small balls at the end of an inclined groove in the latest version of the Peoples Education Press Selective Compulsory One textbook. It is divided into two cases: when the incident small iron ball contacts or does not contact the bottom of the track groove, and derives the relative increase in the velocity of the small iron ball exiting the horizontal groove after rolling and sliding motion after colliding with a small stationary glass ball at the groove end (relative to the ideal case without friction), as well as the system relative error for this momentum conservation experiment. Theoretical calculation results indicate that the values of both are generally large, with larger values observed when the incident small iron ball is not in contact with the bottom of the track groove. The experimental error results for the incident small iron ball not contacting the bottom of the track groove are roughly consistent with the corresponding theoretical error results, both of which show that there is indeed a significant systematic error in this experimental device in the latest version of the textbook. It is recommended to replace it with a complete collision experimental device available on the market, which has been tested to have a relative error of only ±2%. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Fourball exploring — secrets hidden behind a question of high school physics competition#br# CHEN Yifan1, YANG Huan2 College Physics    2025, 44 (5): 58-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.240228 Abstract （664）      PDF（pc） （1072KB）（275）       Knowledge map    Save Currently, in the undergraduate teaching process, particularly in the field of physics, the emphasis is mainly on presenting “perfect” scientific principles and solvable exercises. However, it is precisely those unsolvable problems that can reflect students’ understanding of the entire issue and stimulate their creativity. This paper provides an indepth analysis of a rigid body problem in the 39th National Physics Competition for high school students (alternate paper) and combines it with numerical calculations. It is found that when the initial angular speed of ball D is very small, the result given by the original reference answer is reasonable. In addition, the oscillating phenomenon of ball A’s angular velocity as the increasement of initial speed of ball D is studied. According to the analysis of fixed points, the critical initial speed at which linear evolution to damped oscillation is estimated. Some peculiar phenomena that occur during the evolution are also studied, and it is pointed out that the transition from sliding friction to static friction provides a dynamical correspondence to the occurrence of stable state. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

Select

Study on amplitude-frequency response curvein tuning fork forced  vibration and resonance experiments REN Xiaofang1, XU Zhilin1, SUN Qizhen1, 2, YAN Zhijun1, 2, ZHANG Jiong 1, YANG Guang1 College Physics    2025, 44 (7): 30-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.240326 Abstract （662）      PDF（pc） （1004KB）（174）       Knowledge map    Save In university physics experiment of tuning fork forced vibration and resonance, the amplitude-frequency response curve measured by the electromagnetic coil should be the velocity resonance curve in theory, according to the existing textbooks and literature. However, there exists discrepancy between the characteristics of the measured amplitude-frequency response curve and the ideal velocity resonance curve. In this work, the reason for the discrepancy between the measured amplitude-frequency response curve and the ideal velocity resonance curve is theoretically analyzed and experimentally verified. The results reveal that the measured amplitude-frequency response curve is the superimposing of the velocity resonance curve the displacement resonance curve, where the characteristics of the displacement resonance curve is manifested as follows. The resonant frequency of the tuning fork resonance experimental system decreases with the increasing damping. Besides, the closer initial distance between the receiving coil and the tuning fork arm can induce the greater contribution of displacement resonance to the induced voltage, resulting in the larger the slope of the resonant frequency changing with the damping. The results are of great significance to understand the physical laws involved in the tuning fork forced vibration and resonance experiments, and are also helpful to improve the forced vibration and resonance experiments in college physics experimental textbooks. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）