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The triumph of statistical physics andemergentism SHI Yu College Physics    2025, 44 (1): 1-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.240554 Abstract （1146）      PDF（pc） （1108KB）（324）       Knowledge map    Save We introduce the achievements for which 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded，and describe the scientific background，history，current status and future，emphasizing the physical implications and biological sources，exposing the connections that were less known，including those among different disciplines and among scientists，indicating many different factors in the development of sciences. It is noted that the achievements winning this prize characterize the success of physics in understanding intelligence，and were initiative practice and triumph of statistical physics and emergentism. The future of physics will exist in various new forms. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Experimental method for measuring the top angle of a prism using the  double mirrors reflection method CHEN Baohua1, WU Quanying1, TANG Yunhai1, CHEN Gaoyuan1, WANG Jun1, SHEN Donghui2 College Physics    2025, 44 (2): 7-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.240261 Abstract （1137）      PDF（pc） （815KB）（283）       Knowledge map    Save  In order to improve the complicated pose adjustment and operation steps involved in the experiment of measuring the top angle of the prism by spectrometer，optimize the structure space of the device and improve the measurement efficiency，a double-mirror reflection method is proposed. In this method，the laser as the light source is vertically incident on the bottom surface of the prism and refracted on the slope of the prism. The refracted light is reflected several times between the two parallel mirrors and received by the target surface of the CCD detector to form a laser spot，and the center position of the spot S1 is recorded. Rotate the prism by a known small angle β，at which time the light spot shifts，record the center position of the light spot after the shift S2，and calculate the displacement ΔS between S1 and S2. Finally，the angle β，the displacement ΔS and the measurement formula are used to calculate the top Angle a. The experimental results show that when the interval of two mirrors is between 65 mm and 95 mm，and the rotation Angle β is selected between 0.1° and 0.2°，the measurement error between the measured top Angle a of the prism to be measured and the standard value is less than 0.25%. This method doesnt involve complex telescope adjustment in the spectrometer. It not only folds the system optical path，reduces instrument weight，and optimizes device space，but also has high repeated measurement accuracy by using the double mirrors and an automatic reading program interface with a CCD camera. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Survey on the current status and professional development of  secondary school physics teachers in China GAO Jianzhi1, YANG Jie2, YU Bing3, ZHANG Xu1, LI Jinhuan3, SONG Feng4 College Physics    2025, 44 (2): 13-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.240188 Abstract （1055）      PDF（pc） （642KB）（532）       Knowledge map    Save Strengthening the teaching workforce is the cornerstone of the education system. In February 2023，the Working Committee for Teacher Education of the Higher Education College Physics Curriculum Guidance Committee，under the Ministry of Education，initiated a large-scale survey on the "current status of secondary school physics teachers in china." The survey encompassed 31 provinces and garnered 11,851 valid questionnaires，which primarily centered on the teacher workforce structure，recognition of the teaching profession，evaluation of college physics courses，and the primary challenges confronting secondary school physics teachers. This study unveiled the following findings: Some teachers still exhibit relatively low levels of recognition for the teaching profession; Regional disparities persist in the development of the teacher workforce in China，with significant distinctions between the western and eastern regions; Some facets of college physics education lack inspiration and fail to cultivate students' problem-solving awareness; Prominent issues include students' weak foundation in physics and a lack of high interest in the subject. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Recurrence of Hertz experiment: measuring light speed using cellular wireless networks WANG Jingbo, ZHANG Sheng, HANG ZhiHong College Physics    2025, 44 (1): 101-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.240085 Abstract （1051）      PDF（pc） （914KB）（251）       Knowledge map    Save Hertz successfully verified that electromagnetic waves and light have the same speed. This important experimental conclusion made electromagnetism and optics unified, and became the experimental basis of electrodynamics, which now is also one of the most important experiments in university physics. In this paper, a splitring resonator circuit under cellular wireless network is successfully designed and prepared. An accurate value of the speed of light as (3.007±0.018)×108 m/s is obtained by standing wave method, which is in good agreement with its actual value 2.998×108 m/s. In this experiment, only cellular phones and a splitring resonator circuit board (with circuit board design provided) are required, thus it can be carried out anywhere, where an identical observation method as Hertz's original experiment can be done. It may pave new road for relevant demonstrations for university and high school students. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Notes on the calculation of interplanar spacing using reciprocal lattice YANG Jun College Physics    2025, 44 (1): 23-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.240182 Abstract （1019）      PDF（pc） （803KB）（459）       Knowledge map    Save Using the properties of reciprocal lattice，a general formula for calculating the crystal interplanar spacing is derived，which can be simplified when calculating the interplanar spacing of some crystals with special lattice constants. However，this formula cannot be directly used to calculate the interplanar spacing of complex unit cells. When the general formula derived from the reciprocal lattice properties is used to calculate the interplanar spacing of complex unit cells，either a representative crystal plane that meets the constraint conditions for the appearance of reciprocal points in that plane orientation should be considered，or the primitive cell corresponding to the complex unit cell should be found. Then，new basis vectors are constructed using the three edges of the primitive cell，and the basis vectors of the reciprocal lattice are obtained. Furthermore，the interplanar spacing of the original complex unit cell can be obtained by taking the reciprocal of the modulus length of the reciprocal basis vector with the same indices. Nevertheless，in the new basis vector system，the indices of the crystal planes marked in the original unit cell often change accordingly，which is often overlooked by students when calculating interplanar spacing，leading to incorrect results. In this paper，we first briefly describe the constraints for the appearance of reciprocal points on crystal planes of complex unit cell. Then，combining a specific example of a body-centered cubic unit cell，we present the process of calculating interplanar spacing using representative crystal planes or constructing new basis vectors，aiming to deepen students' understanding of these knowledge points through specific calculations and adopt them in practical applications. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Newtonsring experiment using common chord localization WU Xianchen, CHEN Weiyi, WENG Jiawen, YANG Chuping College Physics    2025, 44 (2): 99-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.240174 Abstract （1016）      PDF（pc） （535KB）（248）       Knowledge map    Save In the Newton's ring experiment, the diameter of the circular fringe is the fundamental data of measurement. In order to improve the accuracy of measurement, this article theoretically analyzes the reasons that cause systematic errors: firstly, the diameter does not pass through the center of the circular fringe (introducing different chord-center distances), and secondly, the two endpoints of the chord deviate from the position of the extreme light intensity. So in theory, a new method is proposed to completely eliminate the above errors in Newtons ring experiment: replacing the diameters with the chord length of all circular fringes with equal chord-center distance, and combining the extreme value of light intensity to locate the two endpoints of the chord. Based on this method, two new measurement arrangements are proposed for the Newtons ring experiment: in the case of using a reading microscope, a common chord for all concentric circular fringes can be added to the Newtons ring instrument as a reference line for measuring the chord length of each circular fringe, and the chord length can be used instead of the diameter to eliminate the first systematic error; in the case of image analysis method, the light intensity distribution on the common chord can be further obtained, and by locating the two endpoints of the chord through the extreme light intensity, the accurate length of the chord of all circular fringes can be obtained, thereby eliminating the above two types of systematic errors. Then, the image analysis method is applied to the newly designed Newtons ring device for measurement, proving that this method is effective and feasible. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The exploration of the influencing factors of  saturated photocurrent in photoelectric effect LIU Fengning, ZHENG Xiao, ZHANG Guofeng, DONG Guobo, XU Ping College Physics    2025, 44 (3): 95-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.240249 Abstract （903）      PDF（pc） （710KB）（500）       Knowledge map    Save  In the photoelectric effect experiment, the saturation photocurrent is affected by many factors, including the voltage between the plates, the frequency of the incident light, the intensity of the incident light and the photoelectric efficiency of the cathode material. In order to explore the influence of these factors on saturated photocurrent, we use the control variable experiment method. The experimental results show that the incident light intensity has a linear relationship with the saturation photocurrent until the saturation photocurrent is reached at a certain photoelectric efficiency and frequency. When the incident light frequency and light intensity are fixed, the photoelectric efficiency of the cathode material will be affected when the voltage between the plates is not large enough, and the saturation photocurrent will be affected. When the light intensity and voltage are fixed, the number of photons is different for different frequencies of light, and the saturation photocurrent is directly related to the number of photons. In addition, the photoelectric efficiency of the cathode material is nonlinear with the frequency of the incident light, resulting in a nonlinear relationship between the frequency of the incident light and the saturated photocurrent. To sum up, the saturated photocurrent is the limit value under a specific condition, which is the result of multiple factors. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of the mechanismfor the work done by the sliding friction force acting on a small ball sliding and rolling on a horizontal ground SHAO Yun College Physics    2025, 44 (2): 77-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.230438 Abstract （877）      PDF（pc） （342KB）（244）       Knowledge map    Save This article analyzes in detail the total work done by the microscopic sliding friction forces at the bottom of the small ball in an infinitely small time, and obtains the expression of the elementary displacement of the point of action of the macroscopic sliding friction force. It is pointed out that the action point is a hypothetical concept when the work is done. The actual sliding distance of the small ball is obtained by integration, and the total work done by all sliding friction forces is calculated. It is pointed out that the distance of the small ball sliding plus the distance of the small ball rolling is equal to the displacement of the center of mass of the small ball. It is also pointed out that the sliding and rolling of the small ball are carried out simultaneously rather than alternately. It is proved that, formally, the negative work done by the sliding friction force on the entire displacement of the center of mass of the small ball leads to the decrease of the translational kinetic energy of the small ball, while the positive work done on the reverse rolling distance leads to the of increase in the rotational kinetic energy of the small ball. The main purpose of the article is to reveal the mechanisms of the work done by the sliding friction force acting on a small ball sliding and rolling on the ground. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Exploration and practice based on a problem driven knowledge graph of college physics ZHOU Keya, MENG Qingxin, CAO Yongyin, ZHANG Lingli, DING Weiqiang, REN Yanyu, HUO Lei, ZHANG Yu College Physics    2025, 44 (1): 66-.   DOI: 10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.240241 Abstract （860）      PDF（pc） （1218KB）（762）       Knowledge map    Save Knowledge graph (KG) is an important way to empower modern education using artificial intellicollege physics|digitization|online and offline blended teaching mode gence (AI) technology. A curriculum knowledge graph (CKG) can systematically reorganize teaching content, construct the interrelationships between knowledge points. As a result, it can optimize knowledge expression and make significance for curriculum construction and talent cultivation. This article constructs a CKG based on the “Basic Requirements for Teaching Physics Courses in Science and Engineering Universities” published in 2023. Three problemoriented teaching strategies are designed, and implemented towards the future application of CKG. It can provide useful inspiration for the Digitalization and Intelligence of the fundamental mathematics and physics courses in the Emerging Engineering Education (3E) perspective. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The course design of college physics based on BOPPPS model FANG Libin, LIU Xiumin College Physics    2025, 44 (1): 82-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.240216 Abstract （794）      PDF（pc） （780KB）（452）       Knowledge map    Save Aiming at the problems encountered in the course of college physics teaching in military colleges, this paper applies the BOPPPS model to the course design of college physics, taking “impulse momentum theorem” as an example to carry out the teaching design. It reflectes the studentcentered teaching process, enhances the students’ enthusiasm and participation in learning, and can apply physical theory knowledge to explain practical problems and guide military training. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Exploration andpractice of blended teaching mode of college physics under the background of digital education LEI Dan, SHI Shunping, ZHAO Xiaofeng, LI Xia, CHEN Xiaofeng, LIU Shuang College Physics    2025, 44 (1): 70-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.240281 Abstract （765）      PDF（pc） （1146KB）（753）       Knowledge map    Save  In the context of digital construction, this paper integrates information technology with education and teaching through the university physics course, continuously exploring and practicing a blended online and offline teaching model. The teaching team adheres to a “student-centered” teaching philosophy, based on the self-developed university physics MOOC, and integrates various methods such as knowledge graphs, digital textbooks, and online intelligent examination systems. This approach builds a blended teaching reform from multiple dimensions, including course resources, teaching models, and teaching evaluations. It forms a teaching system of “online guided self-study + classroom practice + ubiquitous learning,” effectively promoting personalized and deep learning for students and fostering the joint development of teachers and students. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The mechanics behind “cats having nine lives” ZENG Zaiping, DAI Linfang College Physics    2025, 44 (1): 61-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.240145 Abstract （727）      PDF（pc） （847KB）（312）       Knowledge map    Save The saying “cats have nine lives” originated from ancient times, filled with humor, imagination, and mystery, but it actually contains certain principles of mechanics. This article organizes and explores various mechanical explanations throughout history on this issue, categorizes them into four interpretations: the limbs opening and closing theory, the tail rotating theory, the doubleaxis rotation theory, and the spine bending theory, all of which are based on conservation of angular momentum. Although these explanations have their shortcomings, overall, they provide a more scientific basis for this ancient saying. Through indepth exploration, we hope to make people realize that mechanics, as one of the earliest branches of physics, is closely related to human life, offering a scientific way for people to deeply think about and explore natural phenomena. The principles of mechanics not only explain the marvels of cats, but also remind us of the ubiquitous mysteries of science around us, looking forward to people gaining a deeper understanding and exploration of the laws of nature. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Lighting up the Future of Artificial Intelligence with Physics Thinking — Deciphering the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics WUDi1, MAYan-qing2 College Physics    2025, 44 (4): 1-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.250073 Abstract （726）      PDF（pc） （383KB）（740）       Knowledge map    Save The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics has been awarded to physicist and biologist John J. Hopfield and computer scientist Geoffrey E. Hinton in recognition of their fundamental discoveries and inventions in the field of artificial neural networks. Many were surprised by this decision, questioning why the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for advancements in artificial intelligence, with some even pondering whether “physics has ceased to exist.” This article will delve into the intricate connections between physics and artificial intelligence, interpret the rationale behind this year’s Nobel Prize in Physics, and explore its profound impact on the future. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A new approach toanalysis of coupled oscillatory loop  LIU Jinglun College Physics    2025, 44 (1): 38-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.240203 Abstract （712）      PDF（pc） （829KB）（351）       Knowledge map    Save  An analysis of the coupling circuit is conducted based on the dual properties of inductance and capacitance. This analysis introduces a novel method for defining the coupling coefficient in the capacitive coupling circuits, enabling a more straightforward calculation of the coupling coefficient. Similarly, by applying the dual method, the transfer function is examined, resulting in a perfectly symmetric form. This method offers a new approach to research and teaching coupled oscillation circuits. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Analysis of Brillouin zone folding method for band structures WU Zongshuo, LI Xu, ZHANG Haijun, YANG Yurong College Physics    2025, 44 (3): 29-.   DOI: 10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.240337 Abstract （704）      PDF（pc） （1058KB）（481）       Knowledge map    Save Electronic band structure is a key property in solid materials. It is the connecting lines of energy eigenvalues of the high symmetric points in the Brillouin zone. As the twodimensional layered structure is rolled into a tubular structure, the corresponding reciprocal space will also transform from two dimension to one dimension. Therefore, the energy band of a onedimensional structure can be obtained by folding the corresponding twodimensional Brillouin zone. In this paper, the Brillouin zone folding method of band structure is discussed from two examples, graphene and singlewalled carbon nanotubes, as well as the twodimensional La3Ni2O7 layered structure and its corresponding nanotubes by rolling the La3Ni2O7 layer. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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From Fibonacci sequence to golden spirals YANG Shijie College Physics    2025, 44 (1): 34-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.240271 Abstract （693）      PDF（pc） （788KB）（532）       Knowledge map    Save This paper starts from the Fibonacci sequence to obtain a smooth oscillating Fibonacci function. The function is extended to complex plane via analytical continuation. We find that all the zeros of the function lie on a line. The Fibonacci function map strait lines on the complex plane to golden spirals, which exhibits self-similarity characteristics. We further extend the metal ratios to define metal functions and preliminarily explore their properties. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Exploring the incorporation of cuttingedge research content  into lessons on thermodynamics in college physics LIU Junjie1, 2, GUO Pan1, 2, GUO Cong1, 2, BAI Lihua1 College Physics    2025, 44 (1): 85-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.240106 Abstract （692）      PDF（pc） （850KB）（223）       Knowledge map    Save The ‘Two characteristics and one dimension requirements’, that is, advanced, innovative and challenging, are the construction standards for undergraduate courses in the new era. College physics is a core course in science and engineering majors. The course content covers various branches of basic physics, such as force, heat, light and electricity, aiming to improve the scientific literacy of undergraduates. Building university physics courses upon the basic requirements and improving the quality of course teaching will help meet the needs of cultivating science and engineering professionals in the new era. In this article, based on the specific practice of thermodynamic courses of college physics, we discusse how to integrate cuttingedge research content to enhance the features of university physics courses being advanced, innovative and challenging and to better cultivate students scientific literacy and innovation awareness. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Study on the magnetic field generated by a uniformly charged spherical shell rotating at a constant speed ZHU Mengzheng, ZHAO Chunran College Physics    2025, 44 (5): 11-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.240452 Abstract （689）      PDF（pc） （841KB）（272）       Knowledge map    Save This paper uses the basic knowledge of electromagnetic field theory to study the magnetic field distribution of a uniformly charged spherical shell rotating at a constant speed in the whole space. First, due to the symmetry of the current distribution, the corresponding magnetic field is axially symmetric; the two components of the magnetic induction intensity at a certain point are directly written according to the BiotSavart law, and numerical simulation is performed to calculate the magnetic field inside and outside the spherical shell. The results show that the inside of the spherical shell is a uniform magnetic field. Secondly, the magnetic field is discussed respectively using the magnetic scalar potential and the magnetic multipole method. By comparing the magnetic field outside the spherical shell, it is found that the current distribution in this problem has certain particularities. Finally, the magnetic field excited by a spherical shell formed by a single thin wire with a steady current passing through it is discussed. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Understanding the Boltzmann microscopic interpretation of the second law of  thermodynamics from the Stirling formula LI Yuanchang, LIU Yulong, LIU Peng, LV Yongjun, LI Jungang College Physics    2025, 44 (2): 45-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.240395 Abstract （679）      PDF（pc） （536KB）（213）       Knowledge map    Save  In this work，the thermodynamic probability problem of N gas molecules distributed in the left and right halves of a rectangular container is rigorously solved using the exact form of Stirlings formula，which quantitatively verifies Boltzmanns statistical interpretation of the microscopic nature of the second law of thermodynamics. It is shown that 95% of the total microscopic states are distributed in the ±Ninterval near the equilibrium state，i.e.，the relative fluctuations are 1/Nwith respect to N. Confusion and errors caused by the common Stirling approximation are discussed. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Integrating first-principles calculations into semiconductor physics education LING Faling, LILi, CHEN Jiangshan College Physics    2025, 44 (3): 80-.   DOI: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712. 240377 Abstract （678）      PDF（pc） （1258KB）（1060）       Knowledge map    Save Recent advancements in internet technology and computing have opened new avenues for transforming traditional university physics education. Semiconductor physics, a fundamental aspect of these courses, stands to gain significantly from modern, innovative teaching approaches. This paper explores the integration of advanced first-principles computational methods with single-crystal silicon materials to enhance the quality and effectiveness of semiconductor physics instruction. By elucidating the theoretical foundations of first-principles calculations and their practical applications in teaching semiconductor crystal structures, electronic properties, impurities, and defects, this study provides practical insights and theoretical support for reforming semiconductor physics education. The aim is to improve educational outcomes and foster greater student engagement and creativity in the field. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）