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    20 July 2020 Volume 39 Issue 07
      
    Review on three inverse laws of wave optics
    ZHONG Xihua
    College Physics. 2020, 39(07):  1-7.  doi:10.16854 / j.cnki.1000-0712.190575
    Abstract ( 1737 )   PDF (897KB) ( 1498 )  
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    In a light field,the inverse law of diffraction,the inverse law of spatial coheerence as well as the in

    verse law of temporal coherence,they are named the three inverse laws of wave optics. This paper expounds the

    connotation and theoretical value of these three inverse laws respectively and their recent applications. Finally,this

    paper makes an analogy and connection between the inverse law of wave optics and the uncertainty relation of quan

    tum phycics,aiming to illustrate that the uncertainty relation in the quantum world,is just the necessarily reflect of

    quantum wave property.

    The gauge invariance of Majorana zero-bias quantized conductance
    LUO Yunwen
    College Physics. 2020, 39(07):  8-9.  doi:10.16854 / j.cnki.1000- 0712.190143
    Abstract ( 1138 )   PDF (353KB) ( 711 )  
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    Based on the gauge invariance and the symmetry of electron and hole scattering,the value of Majorana zero-bias quantized conductivity platform is deduced to be 2e2 / h. The result is the same as the existing theory.It is shown that the essential reason for the appearance of Majorana zero-bias quantized conductivity platform is

      based on the gauge invariance.

    The magnetic field of the ring-shaped tightly wound bent solenoid with the rectangular cross section
    LIU Jia-ming, ZHANG Xing-chu
    College Physics. 2020, 39(07):  10-15.  doi:10.16854 / j.cnki.1000- 0712.190262
    Abstract ( 1540 )   PDF (1509KB) ( 1241 )  
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    According to the Biot-Savart law,we derive the magnetic field of the current-carrying tightly wound

    bent solenoid with the rectangular cross section,and obtain the analytic solution. Then,by using the Matlab software,the magnetic fields of three typical ring-shaped structures are shown,and the characters of the magnetic field in the semi ring-shaped structure are discussed in more details.

    Understanding the theory of magnetism through the concept of magnetic poles
    YANG Xiao-feng, WU Jing-peng, WEI Tian-jie
    College Physics. 2020, 39(07):  16-19.  doi:10.16854 / j.cnki.1000-0712. 190416
    Abstract ( 1738 )   PDF (840KB) ( 863 )  
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    Starting from concept of magnetic charge,using analogy with electricity and knowledge of static electricity,we write out directly the expressions for magnetic field and magnetic potential produced by a magnetic pole. Then,the concept of magnetic shell is introduced and its important character is discussed. With the aid of the equivalence of a circuit and a magnetic shell,we can seamlessly convert the knowledge obtained from magnetic charge to almost all the theoretical formula for current,which are taught in every textbooks of steady current magnetism. This approach of teaching may help students to understand magnetic phenomena in a simple but insightful way.

    Solution of the electric field line equation in two-dimensional complex electrostatic field and numerical simulation
    YIN Yong, WANG Fuqian
    College Physics. 2020, 39(07):  20-24.  doi:10.16854 / j.cnki.1000-0712.190224
    Abstract ( 1184 )   PDF (796KB) ( 1567 )  
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    Based on conformal mapping,the two methods of solving electric field line equation in two dimensional electrostatic field by the Cauchy-Riemann condition and the complex potential of electrostatic field are given. Further,the electric field lines and equipotential lines are plotted by MATLAB.
    Teaching Planck’s quantum theory
    HUANG Yongyi
    College Physics. 2020, 39(07):  25-28.  doi:10.16854 / j.cnki.1000- 0712.190376
    Abstract ( 1068 )   PDF (426KB) ( 554 )  
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    The paper teaches Planck’s quantum theory in accord with the theory’s development and the teaching logic:the Kirchhoff’s law for thermal radiation,blackbody radiation,Wien’s formula,Rayleigh-Jeans’formula,Planck’s formula and Planck’s quantum theory.

    Derivation of the quantum form of cyclotron resonance effective mass for electrons in semiconductors
    MA Yao, PANG Mi
    College Physics. 2020, 39(07):  29-31.  doi:10.16854 / j.cnki.1000-0712.190335
    Abstract ( 3573 )   PDF (170KB) ( 1874 )  
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    Cyclotron resonance is one of the most important experimental measurement methods in the field of semiconductors. It can determine the effective mass near the conduction band bottom or the valence band top of semiconductor materials,and then determine the band structure near the extreme point of the band. However,in the traditional solid physics and semiconductor physics textbooks,when one discusses the relationship between the cyclotron resonance effective mass and the effective mass,semi-classical physical images are often used,and one assumes the electrons moved along helical line under the action of Lorentz force. The relationship between the cyclotron resonance effective mass and the effective mass is derived from the cyclotron frequency that is obtained from equations based on the classical Newton’s law. In this paper,a method for deriving the cyclotron resonance effective mass using quantum theory is provided,and the wave functions corresponding to each Landau energy level is obtained where appropriately the magneto-optical properties of the semiconductor can be estimated accordingly.

    Numerical studies of stability of Lissajous figure
    HUO Weigang, WANG Chuhan, WANG Yuxin, CONG Xiaomei
    College Physics. 2020, 39(07):  32-35.  doi:10.16854 / j.cnki.1000- 0712.190304
    Abstract ( 2475 )   PDF (1468KB) ( 1707 )  
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    The influences of the relative phase variation ratio and the frequency change on the stability of Lissajous figure are investigated by using numerical simulation. The results show that the stability of Lissajous figure decreases with the increase of the relative phase variation ratio at a fixed frequency ratio;at a fixed relative variation ratio of the phase difference,the stability of Lissajous figure increases with the decrease of the relative change frequency. These are in good agreement with the experimental results. So,the stable Lissajous figure can be obtained under low frequency and an unchangeable relative phase variation ratio.

    A fiber-space hybrid optical path interferometer
    WANG Ye, XIANG Wang-hao-yu
    College Physics. 2020, 39(07):  36-39.  doi:10.16854 / j.cnki.1000- 0712.190343
    Abstract ( 1123 )   PDF (613KB) ( 900 )  
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    A fiber-space hybrid optical path interferometer is constructed. The geometrical form of the shape

    of interference fringes in space is derived from assuming the point source of optical fiber emission and verified experimentally. The parameter model of the interference intensity is established,and the fringe visibility and polarization characteristics of the interferometer are discussed. Theoretical,experimental and parametric application model show that the interferometers are characterized by miniaturization,visualization and ease of operation. They can be used to general-|purpose interferometers for fringe phase shift detection,shear interference measurement and optical holography,and can also be used to expand the optical fiber sensing functions.

    Application of back-scattered-electron imaging in nano-multilayer characterization
    ZHAO Meng-li, MAO Dong, DONG Lei, DONG Lei
    College Physics. 2020, 39(07):  40-44.  doi:10.16854 / j.cnki.1000-0712.190101
    Abstract ( 1407 )   PDF (1125KB) ( 677 )  
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    In order to extend applied realms of back-scattered-electron (BSE)imaging technique in the nano-meter multilayer morphology observation,the basic principles and applications of the BSE images in nano-multilayer characterization are described from three aspects:analytical accuracy,maximum resolution and detection

    angle. BSE imaging is used to study the composition changes in the micro areas of nanomultilayer so as to understand the composition and structure characteristics of samples in a short time and to provide a handy and effective analysis method for the multi-layer structures of nano-multilayer. Meanwhile,the discussion of this technology will help physics majors better understand the physical mechanism of backscattering phenomenon,and help materials majors better apply this characterization technology.

    Research on the reform of college theoretical and experimental  physics courses under the view of engineering education
    ZHANG Chang-xin
    College Physics. 2020, 39(07):  45-48. 
    Abstract ( 866 )   PDF (145KB) ( 453 )  
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    The present situation of physics and physics experiment teaching in college and university is analyzed. It is found that there is a certain gap between the traditional educational idea,the educational mode and the new idea of engineering education. Under the guidance of the new concept of engineering education and the new mode of education combined with the goal of cultivating talents in applied universities,the educational mode of in-tegrating the theory of physics and physics experiment is proposed in applied universities.

    Study of ideological and political education in optics courses
    YE Rong, YANG Guoren, WU Xianyun
    College Physics. 2020, 39(07):  49-54.  doi:10.16854 / j.cnki.1000-0712.190423
    Abstract ( 3429 )   PDF (463KB) ( 3318 )  
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    It is a new direction and requirement of professional course education in college and university to

    combine professional knowledge with ideological and political theory and realize courses for ideological and political.Starting from the implication of courses for ideological and political,the necessity of course for ideological and political in optics course is analyzed firstly according to the main content,status and requirements of optics courses.Then the measures taken in class and after class are introduced combining with the actual teaching experience of optical course. Finally,the obtained preliminary effects are briefly presented through the implementation of these measures and the follow-up survey of students. The relative results have shown that it was necessary and urgent for the courses for ideological and political education in the teaching of optics courses. The cases of courses for ideological and political education used in optics courses with philosophical theories were also sufficient,and it was meaningful to cultivate talents with both ability and political integrity by ideological and political education in optics courses.

    Quantitative study of the changing weight of flowing hourglass
    SHI Tian-xiang, YUE Xin
    College Physics. 2020, 39(07):  55-59.  doi:10.16854 / j.cnki.1000-0712.190496
    Abstract ( 1350 )   PDF (923KB) ( 940 )  
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    The changing weight of the flowing hourglass is researched. The theory,from the perspective of momentum,reveals that the weight variation is proportional to the rate of change of the length of the momentum column(the region that granules flow)and the proportionality coefficient is mass flow rate. The physical image is clear,and it gives the analytic expression of changing weight. Digital measurement of weight is realized by making use of PASCO system to build a weighing platform. Burning out the rope is adopted to decrease experimental error when starting the hourglass. The theory is in good agreement with the experimental results and it shows universality under different loading quantities.

    The intuitive understanding and strict derivation of particle acceleration in spherical coordinate system
    SHI Peng-yi, TU Zhan-chun
    College Physics. 2020, 39(07):  60-62.  doi:10.16854 / j.cnki.1000-0712.190458
    Abstract ( 1828 )   PDF (373KB) ( 1027 )  
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    The expression of particle acceleration in spherical coordinate system is directly written by using the

    idea of " motion decomposition" with the consideration of intuitive picture of motion.This expression is proven to be accurate via two different methods:the coordinate transformation and the theory of relative motion.

    A curvature radius formula by using complex functions
    REN Jia-qi, JIANG Ye, WANG Mao-sheng, HUANG Wan-xia
    College Physics. 2020, 39(07):  63-65.  doi:10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.190275
    Abstract ( 1438 )   PDF (128KB) ( 633 )  
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    We deduce the curvature radius formula of motion curve by using the complex representation of the

    velocity and acceleration vector in the planar natural coordinate system. Our formula agrees with the formula by using

    traditional differential geometric method. The result shows the complex function method,which needs not anything

    geometric picture,can deduce the curvature radius formula very well.

    Quantitative evaluation analysis of musical expression bias ( amusia)
    NIU Xu-ce, LIU Yan-di, LI Hu-lin, LI Yong-hui
    College Physics. 2020, 39(07):  66-70.  doi:10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712. 190404
    Abstract ( 1204 )   PDF (772KB) ( 651 )  
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    The singing frequency ( pitch) is an important criterion for measuring the singer's singing ability.

    The“tone deafness”is the phenomenon that a singer's singing frequencies are higher or lower than the music frequencies.

    Based on the spectrum analysis the relative deviation of the frequency is quantitated determined. With the

    randomly collected cappella records as the research object,the relative deviation of the frequency approximately follow

    a normal distribution with mean 0 and standard deviation 0.03507. Thus,it is possible to define the“musical

    expression deviation”for each singer by providing scores of singing precision and to propose a feasible algorithm in evaluations of amusia.

    The design of LED curing surface light for 3D printer
    XIAO Wan-yue, WANG Yuan-hao, WANG Yu-hong, ZHOU Qun,
    College Physics. 2020, 39(07):  71-77.  doi:10.16854 /j.cnki.1000-0712.190448
    Abstract ( 1353 )   PDF (2328KB) ( 402 )  
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    Ultraviolet ( UV) LED is widely used in 3D printing,printing, ink curing and other industries.This

    paper aims at the problems of poor illumination uniformity and low irradiation intensity of 3D printer photocurable

    surface light source under the condition of near field.Based on geometric optics and energy conservation law, the iterative

    method of lens surface discrete point and LED surface light illuminance function was adopted to propose and

    design a lens scheme to improve the illumination uniformity of uv LED array.