大学物理 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10): 117-.doi: 10.16854/j.cnki.1000-0712.250005

• 大学生园地 • 上一篇    

双棱镜干涉实验中虚实光源位置差值引起的误差讨论

杭嘉晟，王立英，金朝   

  1. 天津大学理学院 1. 应用物理学系；2. 物理市级实验教学示范中心 天津300354
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-06 修回日期:2025-02-15 出版日期:2025-12-20 发布日期:2025-12-29
  • 作者简介:杭嘉晟（2004—），男，江苏南京人，天津大学应用物理学系本科生.
  • 基金资助:
    2024年度教育部高等学校大学物理课程教学指导委员会大中物理教育衔接工作委员会教学研究课题(WX202441)，天津大学数字化赋能人才培养能力提升专项研究项目

Discussion on the error caused by the position difference between virtual and  real light sources in the double prism interference experiment

HANG Jiasheng1, WANG Liying1,2, JIN Chao1   

  1. 1. Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China; 
    2. Tianjin Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education,Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, China
  • Received:2025-01-06 Revised:2025-02-15 Online:2025-12-20 Published:2025-12-29

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摘要： 狭缝(实光源)和虚光源不在同一平面上，是利用菲涅尔双棱镜干涉测光波波长中经常被忽略的问题，阐明了这一问题引起的测量误差的原理，并推导出了相关误差值的计算过程.分析结果显示，以狭缝平面代替虚光源平面引起的相对误差小于0.01%，远低于实验过程中的其它系统误差.因此，在实验中，通常将狭缝平面位置近似视为虚光源平面的位置，以此来测量与观察屏的距离，忽略虚实光源不共面所引起的测量误差.

关键词: 菲涅尔双棱镜, 波长, 干涉, 实验误差

Abstract: The slit (real light source) and the virtual light source are not on the same plane, which is a commonly overlooked problem in measuring the wavelength of light using Fresnel prism interferometry. The principle of measurement error caused by this problem is explained and the process for calculating the associated error values is derived. The analysis indicate that the relative error caused by replacing the virtual light source plane with a slit plane is less than 0.01%, which is significantly smaller than other systematic errors in this experiment. Therefore, in experiments, it is common to approximate the position of the slit plane as the position of the virtual light source plane to measure the distance to the observation screen, neglecting the measurement errors caused by the non-coplanarity of the virtual and real light sources.


Key words: Fresnel prism, wavelength, interference, experimental error

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