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Table of Content
20 January 2011 Volume 30 Issue 1
著者文摘
Lasting research——On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of the discovery of superconductivity
. 2011, 30(1): 1-1.
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In the field of condensed matter physics,superconductivity is such a branch,which has already developed for 100 years but is still full of challenge,chance,and vital.The passion for the research in this branch does not decline even after 100 years.In this paper,the important historic events during the past 100 years are reviewed： from the discovery of the superconductivity by Onnes to Nb3Ge alloy,from high-Tc superconductors to MgB2 and FeAs superconductors,from BCS microscopic theory to the present chaos in theory.The history of the superconductivity is a vivid picture of scientific developments and full of philosophical meanings.
What is the graphene——Introducing the Nobel Prize in physics 2010
. 2011, 30(1): 7-7.
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2350
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In 2010,with the innovations in the study of graphene,Andre Geim and Kostya Novoselov won the Nobel Prize in physics.Graphene is a kind of carbon nano material with single atomic layer,which has special excellent mechanical,electrical and optical properties.Besides,this new material involves a huge potential in the fields of physics,chemistry,information,energy,and device manufacturing.This paper introduces the structure and properties of graphene,and the innovations in the study of graphene by Andre Geim and Koatys Novoselov.The characteristics as well as problems of various preparation methods and characterization of graphene are analyzed.Moreover,the applications of graphene in various fields are summarized and its future development and research value is prospected.
Oil-drop experiment and expectation bias phenomena
. 2011, 30(1): 13-13.
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1004
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We afford some clues for the history of research on measurement of the fundamental charge,i.e.,Millkan oil-drop experiment and the controversy about data treatments therein.Some related references are briefly introduced to help readers who just start to concern to get at the core of the topic soon.Some historic materials for the expectation bias phenomena in research during a long time are quoted in order to arouse public attention.
Raising and lowering operators for angular momentum quantum number l and generation of the spherical harmonics
. 2011, 30(1): 19-19.
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1987
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Two vector operators aimed at shifting angular momentum quantum number l in spherical harmonics ｜lm〉,primarily proposed by X.L.Ka in 1999,are in fact first rank irreducible tensor operators.For a given magnetic quantum number m,specific state ｜lm〉 in spherical harmonics with the lowest angular momentum quantum number l is obtained and how to use this state to generate whole set of spherical harmonics is illustrated.
Thermodynamics of a spherically static black hole and Einstein equation
. 2011, 30(1): 23-23.
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1060
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705
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There is an interesting relation between the black hole theory under general relativity and thermodynamics.Considering a spherically static black hole,Einstein equation near the horizon of a Schwarzschild or Reissner-Nordstrom black hole can be deduced into the first law of thermodynamics.This can show the relation between Einstein equation and the black hole thermodynamics.It also reflects the consistence of the two theories.
The inertial mass in Newtonian mechanics and special relativity
. 2011, 30(1): 26-26.
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963
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It is described respectively in detail how the concepts of inertia and inertial mass are introduced in both the Newtonian mechanics and the special relativity.The proper（or rest） mass of a particle has been shown clearly that it is exactly equal to its inertial mass in the special relativity as in the Newtonian mechanics.Through analysis,it is pointed out and emphasized that the relative（or moving） mass is only a prescription but not a results due to that the inertial mass of moving particle has changed really.Finally,the specific property that the particles with zero rest mass and with light speed comply with special relativity but not comply with Newtonian mechanics is explained.
On the classical theory of metallic electric conductivity
. 2011, 30(1): 29-29.
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1239
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684
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In the classical microscopic picture of metal conduction,the collision between free electrons and positive ions satisfies three requirements of Poisson flow,thus the time interval between the collisions obeys an exponential distribution.The expression of metallic electric conductivity is concisely given.Hereby the Joule-Lenz law in differential form is derived self-consistently.
The regime classification for diffraction of the parallel monochromatic light slit
. 2011, 30(1): 31-31.
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825
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389
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The Kirchhoff＇s diffraction formula is used to draw the diffraction luminous intensity distribution of an ideal slit in the different regimes through numerical calculations.The numerical results are compared with the one by the Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction formula,the application range of the results is also discussed in detail.
Understanding deeply of quantum mechanics by calculating the Bohr-radius of hydrogen atom
. 2011, 30(1): 36-36.
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1491
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By calculating the Bohr-radius of hydrogen atom with the assumption of Bohr theory,uncertain relation,Schrdinger＇s equation and wave function,the semi-classic and the semi-quantum in the assumption of Bohr theory can be comprehended deeply.The uncertain relation is proved as the result of the undulatory theory for micro-particles.The electron in hydrogen atom obeys the Schrodinger＇s equation.The solution of the equation is a wave function,namely a probability wave.
Measurement of ultrasonic velocity based on PASCO
. 2011, 30(1): 38-38.
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852
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935
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By both slight improvement of traditional experimental instruments and the platform of PASCO science workshop,the respective experiments of ultrasonic velocity measurement in the media of gas and liquid can be carried out more conveniently and statistics can be obtained with more accuracy.It is shown that the measured values are quite close to the widely accepted ones.
Measuring instrument of viscosity coefficient of liquid by using magnet to release and collect steel ball
. 2011, 30(1): 42-42.
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949
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527
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An instrument for measuring viscosity coefficient of liquid is developed.A taper magnet is used to hold and release the steel ball,and then the steel ball can fall along the cylinder＇s axis.A bar magnet is used to pick up the falling steel ball and make the steel ball be reused without washing.A measuring cylinder is also specially designed to contain the measured liquid.The starting timing-position of the terminal velocity of the steel ball is theoretically analyzed,and tts numerical calculation is performed by the use of MATLAB software. The experimental results show that this instrument has advantages of high accuracy,no oil-pollution and simple operation.
Photoacoustic measurement of sound speed in solid medium
. 2011, 30(1): 45-45.
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1046
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We demonstrate a photoacoustic method for measurement of sound speed in solid medium.The pulsed photoacoustic signals generated on the surface of a solid medium are muti-reflected by the opposite interfaces of the medium,and it results in a photoacoustic pulses sequence.We calculate the transmitting time of sound between the opposite interfaces of the medium from the measured muti-reflected photoacoustic signals.The sound speed is computed with the measured transmitting time and the width of the object.This method is experimentally verified on a brass cylinder and an aluminum plate.This measurement method is suitable for experimental teaching for undergraduates in physics.
Born and the Nobel prize
. 2011, 30(1): 48-48.
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1433
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Max Born had done distinguished contribution on physics in 20th century.But he received the Nobel prize when he was over seventy.There were much speculation on why Born got the Nobel prize so late.And who were the Nobel prize nominators of Max Born,there are several different answers too.By analyzing the available documents and materials,a clear answer is proposed to the two inconceivable questions.
Investigation on physical education of Harvard university
. 2011, 30(1): 56-56.
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759
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870
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From the analysis and research about the physical education concept,professional setting,course system,selection of textbooks and teaching mode of Harvard university,this paper provides some scientific references and enlightenment for physical education reform of Chinese university.In our higher education reform in physics,we should advocate academic freedom,take construction of academic atmosphere,combine the general education and professional education,notice the practical learning and formulate their unique physical teaching mode etc.
Exploring the mystery in the atom（Ⅰ）
. 2011, 30(1): 62-62.
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862
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377
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In this paper,we reproduce the process to recognize the internal composition and structure of atom,in order to promote the creative ability of university students.
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